Chapter-5 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY TOPICS

Advanced pharmacology of androgens, estrogens, and bioassays involves understanding their mechanisms, therapeutic applications, and innovative testing methods.

• Androgens: These steroid hormones, including testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), regulate male reproductive functions, muscle growth, and metabolic processes. Advanced pharmacological studies focus on androgen receptor modulators, selective androgen receptor degraders (SARDs), and their role in treating conditions like hypogonadism and muscle-wasting disorders.
• Estrogens: Estrogens, such as estradiol, estrone, and estriol, play a crucial role in female reproductive health, cardiovascular function, and bone maintenance. Research explores selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) for managing hormone-related disorders, including breast cancer and osteoporosis.
• Bioassays: Bioassay techniques are essential for evaluating androgenic and estrogenic activity in pharmaceuticals, environmental samples, and biological fluids. Advanced bioassays, such as receptor-binding assays, reporter gene assays (e.g., CALUX system), and cell-based assays, provide highly selective and sensitive measurements of hormone interactions.