CANCER BIOLOGY AND EMERGING THERAPEUTICS: FROM GENES TO TARGETED THERAPIES
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Cancer is a complex and multifactorial disease driven by genetic mutations, epigenetic alterations, and dysregulated cellular pathways. Advances in molecular biology have unraveled the intricate mechanisms underlying tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis, highlighting the roles of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and the tumor microenvironment. These insights have paved the way for the development of emerging therapeutics that move beyond conventional chemotherapy. Targeted therapies, immunotherapies, gene editing technologies, and molecular glues represent a new era of precision medicine, offering improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. This review explores the genetic foundations of cancer and the evolution of therapeutic strategies, emphasizing the integration of multi-omics and personalized approaches to revolutionize cancer treatment.
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